'Golf' is a word borrowed from Dutch 'kolf'. The word entered the English language some time around the 15th century.
golf [noun] [15th century]
A game in which a player using special clubs attempts to sink a ball with as few strokes as possible into each of the 9...
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Dutch.
note: Although modern golf is a Scottish invention the word was first documented in Dutch: 1261 Middle Dutch manuscript of the Flemish poet Jacob van Maerlant's Boeck Merlijn. The first Scottish mention was in a 1457 Act of the Scottish Parliament.
Etymology: Middle English (Scots)
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1400s.